過去形 (一般動詞・be動詞) の解き方とポイント

過去形 (一般動詞・be動詞) とは

過去形は中1 終盤〜中2 で学習する重要文法。「過去のある時点で起きた一回限りの動作 / 状態」を表します。

**規則動詞の活用**: ・基本: 動詞 + ed (play → played) ・-e で終わる: + d (like → liked, use → used) ・子音 + y: y を i に変えて + ed (study → studied, try → tried) ・短母音 + 子音: 子音を重ねて + ed (stop → stopped, plan → planned)

**不規則動詞の主要なもの (中学範囲必須)**: ・go → went / come → came / get → got / make → made ・have → had / see → saw / take → took / give → gave ・eat → ate / write → wrote / read → read (発音は『レッド』) ・do → did / say → said / tell → told 高校受験では 100 個以上覚えておくと有利。

**否定文・疑問文**: did に役割を任せて動詞は原形に戻す。 ・否定: I did not (didn't) play. ・疑問: Did you play? — Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. **動詞 played を残さないこと** がポイント (× I didn't played)。

**be 動詞の過去形**: was と were で使い分け。I was, You were, He/She/It was, We/They were, 単数名詞 was, 複数名詞 were。

過去を表す副詞句 (yesterday, last week, in 2020, two days ago) と一緒に使われやすい。

1. 例題 1

   次の動詞の過去形は? (1) play (2) study (3) go (4) eat

   解き方
   1. 1.(1) play は規則動詞 → played
   2. 2.(2) study は子音+y → studied
   3. 3.(3) go は不規則 → went
   4. 4.(4) eat は不規則 → ate
   答え:(1) played (2) studied (3) went (4) ate
2. 例題 2

   次の文を否定文と疑問文にしなさい。 She went to Tokyo last week.

   解き方
   1. 1.否定: did not + 原形 went → go
   2. 2.疑問: Did を文頭、動詞を原形に
   答え:否定: She did not (didn't) go to Tokyo last week. / 疑問: Did she go to Tokyo last week?

• take の過去形

  解説を見る

• have の過去形

  解説を見る

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